07.04.2026

Spring allergy: what happens in our body, and what can we do against it?

As spring arrives, nature comes back to life: trees bloom, parks turn green, and we spend more and more time outdoors. However, many people do not look forward to this period, but rather to the well-known symptoms: sneezing, runny nose, and itchy eyes.

Spring allergy—also known as pollen allergy or hay fever—affects a significant portion of the population, and its prevalence is increasing worldwide. Several studies link this rise to environmental changes and the lengthening of the pollen season.

What causes spring allergies?

The main trigger of spring allergies is pollen in the air, which is essential for plant reproduction. These microscopic particles provoke an excessive immune response in sensitive individuals. In such cases, the immune system mistakenly identifies pollen as a harmful substance and starts to defend against it. During this process, histamine is released, causing inflammation in the airways and mucous membranes—this leads to the typical allergic symptoms. The most common allergens in spring are wind-pollinated trees such as birch, hazel, and oak, which release large amounts of pollen into the air.

Most common symptoms

The symptoms of pollen allergy are often confused with those of a common cold; however, they typically do not involve fever and persist as long as the allergen is present in the air. The most common complaints include frequent sneezing, watery runny nose or nasal congestion, itchy and watery eyes, throat irritation, and a general feeling of fatigue. In Hungary, the pollen season can begin as early as early spring and usually peaks around April.

Possible consequences

Untreated allergies are not only uncomfortable but can also lead to more serious health problems in the long term. Persistent inflammation may result in asthma, sinusitis, or middle ear infections. Sleep disturbances and chronic fatigue are also common. Research suggests that due to climate change, the pollen season may become longer, and increasing pollen concentrations can make symptoms more severe.

Scientific background: why are allergies becoming more severe?

Several international studies highlight that the spread of allergic diseases is linked to climate change, air pollution, and urbanization. The lengthening of the pollen season and rising pollen concentrations mean that allergy sufferers are exposed to triggers for longer periods, which can intensify symptoms.

How can symptoms be relieved?

Although completely avoiding pollen is not possible, several methods can significantly reduce symptoms. It is advisable to regularly monitor pollen forecasts and limit outdoor activities during periods of high pollen concentration. Ventilation is recommended for short periods, preferably in the early morning or evening hours. At home, regular cleaning and dust removal are important. It is also recommended to change clothes and wash hair after returning home, as pollen easily sticks to these surfaces. Air filters or properly maintained air conditioning systems can also help reduce indoor pollen levels. From a medical perspective, antihistamines, nasal sprays, and eye drops can alleviate symptoms, while allergen-specific immunotherapy may provide a long-term solution. If symptoms recur regularly, it is advisable to consult a specialist and undergo allergy testing.

Summary

Spring allergy is an increasingly common condition driven by complex immunological and environmental factors. While it may not always be completely eliminated, it can be well managed with proper attention and treatment. If symptoms are recognized early and managed consciously, spring can once again be about recharging and enjoying time spent outdoors.

Sources

Spring Allergy – Budai Health Center
Spring Allergy Season – Symptoms and Consequences (Házipatika)
How to Manage Spring Pollen Allergies Scientifically
Spring Allergy Season Has Arrived – Infostart
Long-term Effects of Pollen Exposure and Air Pollution (Hungarian Academy of Sciences study)
https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.07419
https://arxiv.org/abs/2005.04557